This process produces very fine crystallite sizes (4–8nm), as demonstrated by the broad X-ray diffraction peaks (Fig. 1A). In comparison, the X-ray peaks for a competitor’s samples are sharper indicating much larger crystallite sizes (Fig. 1B).

Fig. 1A X-ray diffraction pattern of yttria stabilized zirconia powder made by our technology		Fig. 1B X-ray diffraction pattern of yttria stabilized zirconia powder made by a competitor

Powders can be supplied dry or as liquid suspensions. Our process is also capable of producing nano-structured surface layers which have applications in state of the art sensors and catalytic membranes.

The product consists of extremely fine, individual (Fig. 3A) or loosely agglomerated crystallites in the 4–8nm (Fig. 3B) range. The uniformity (narrow size distribution) of size is also evident in Fig. 3B. The fine particle size imparts transparency in applications such as UV blocking coatings. As a consequence of the fine particle size the nano-powders also have a high surface area per unit mass. This feature coupled with the uniformity of size leads to very efficient surface coverage which is advantageous in applications such as coatings, paints and catalysts.

(click image to enlarge) Fig. 3A Gamma-Fe2O3 TEM micrograph of a crystallites of our gamma iron oxide powder about 5nm in diameter. The white marker is 10nm.		(click image to enlarge) Fig. 3B Tin Dioxide TEM micrograph of crystallites of our tin dioxide powder about 5–7nm in size. The white marker is 10nm.

The following chart demonstrates the uniformity and consistency of our manufactured powders. The nano-particles have large surface area and consistent size that can enhance applications; such as, catalysts, membranes, fuel cells, sensors, coatings and optics.